GPS Global Satellite Positioning System: Utilizes satellite signals to determine precise vehicle locations (longitude, latitude, speed, and direction) and transmits data in real time to monitoring centers, enabling accurate tracking and trajectory analysis.
BeiDou Navigation Satellite System: China’s independently developed satellite navigation system, offering positioning, navigation, and timing services. BeiDou provides high-precision positioning with strong anti-jamming capabilities and enhanced security, making it ideal for monitoring special vehicles requiring stringent accuracy and data safety.

Employs standards like H.264 and H.265 to compress raw video data efficiently, reducing file sizes while maintaining quality for smooth real-time transmission and storage over limited bandwidth.

Leverages high-resolution image sensors and advanced optical lenses to capture clear details (e.g., license plates, driver expressions, road conditions) for analysis and incident reconstruction.

Uses computer vision and machine learning for real-time object detection, behavior recognition, and event alerts, such as obstacle detection, driver fatigue, and unsafe behavior warnings, enhancing road safety.

Wireless Communication: Combines 4G/5G networks for high-speed, wide-coverage remote data transmission; Wi-Fi for in-vehicle device connectivity; and Bluetooth for external device integration (e.g., sensors, headsets).
V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) Communication: Enables vehicle interaction with other vehicles, infrastructure, and pedestrians to share traffic data, anticipate hazards, optimize routes, and improve driving efficiency and safety.

Uses hard drives, SD cards, or SSDs with loop overwrite strategies to continuously record and overwrite outdated data, ensuring uninterrupted storage of the latest vehicle operation records.

Protects data integrity and privacy via symmetric/asymmetric encryption algorithms for video, location data, and login credentials during transmission and storage.

Implements regular backups (local or cloud-based) and robust recovery protocols to prevent data loss and ensure system continuity.

Multi-Sensor Data Fusion: Integrates accelerometers, gyroscopes, temperature sensors, tire pressure sensors, etc., to holistically monitor vehicle status. For example, combining accelerometer and gyroscope data detects abnormal driving behavior.
Environmental Perception: Employs cameras, radar, and LiDAR to perceive surroundings, supporting autonomous driving and collision avoidance. Cameras identify road signs and pedestrians, radar measures object distances/speeds, and LiDAR generates 3D maps for path planning.